Halo-Ed: Molecular Genetics Tutorial (MolGenT)
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About MolGenT	DNA Supercoiling Since the amount of DNA contained by a cell is often much longer than the cell itself, the genetic material must be packaged such that it can fit into a compact space. The process of supercoiling allows very long DNA molecules to be contained within the relatively small area of a cell by twisting the double helix into a more tightly coiled and compact structure. Enzymes called gyrases are responsible for compressing DNA in this way and wind the double helix about its own axis much like a twisted rubber band, as shown in this animation. In some cases, DNA supercoils may wrap around proteins such as histones, which are then said to be constricted. Alternatively, supercoiling can occur as displayed here, when no protein is constrained by the DNA. NEXT MODULE For Questions and Suggestions, contact the Halo-Ed Team
Inheritance
Evolutionary Tree
Eukaryotic Cells
Cell Cycle
Mitosis
Meiosis
Prokaryotic Cells
Binary Fission
Transformation
Conjugation
Viruses
Bacteriophages
Transduction
Animal Viruses
Model Organisms
DNA & Genes
Nucleotide Structure
Structure of DNA Bases
Base Pairing
Deoxyribose 5' & 3' Ends
Deoxyribonucleotides
DNA Structure
DNA Double Helix
DNA Replication
Errors in Replication
DNA Replication, Repair and Recombination
DNA Replication
Ladder
Helix
Repair of UV Damage
Homologous Recombination
DNA Supercoiling
Gene Expression
DNA → RNA → Protein
Central Dogma
Genotype vs Phenotype
Phenotype
RNA and Protein Building Blocks
Structure of RNA Bases
Ribose
Ribonucleotides
Amino Acids
Acidic
Basic
Polar
Apolar
Transcription and RNA Processing
RNA Splicing
Translation
tRNA Charging
Genetic Code
Operon
Biotechnology Applications
Impact of Molecular Genetics
Molecular Cloning
PCR Amplification
Protein Expression
DNA Fingerprinting
Genetic Enhancement
Cloning of Animals
CRISPR
Genome Sequencing
Personalized Medicine
Bioremediation
Agriculture and GMOs
Intellectual Property
MolGenT Test
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